Descartes s Argument For The Separability Of The Mind And...

This essay will critically discuss and analyse how Descartes makes his argument for the separability of the mind and body in the Meditations on First Philosophy. In this text, Descartes argues for the distinction between the mind and body through reasoning that they are two very distinct and non-identical substances. Furthermore, he argues that because they are so clearly distinct from each other that the mind does not need to rely on the body to exist and that the body does not need to mind to exist, therefore, the mind and body can be separated. Firstly, he provides reasoning that they are different substances through doubting the existence of all material things around him, including his own body. Furthermore, while he can doubt the existence of his material body Descartes claims that there is no way for him to doubt the existence of his own mind. Secondly, he provides an argument that the mind and body are distinct substances due to them having other different properties; he does this by arguing that the body is divisible into parts while the mind is not. Therefore, because the mind and body do not have the same properties they are non-identical substances. Thirdly, he provides an argument that builds atop the first two, this argument is that because he can conceive so clearly that his mind and body are different they must be separable in some way. Firstly in the second meditation, Descartes provides reasoning that the mind and body are two clearly distinct substances,Show MoreRelatedDescartes Myth-Gilbert Ryle1044 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Gilbert RyleÂ’s The Concept of Mind Gilbert Ryle (1900-76) was a philosopher who taught at Oxford and who made important contributions to the philosophy of mind and to ordinary language philosophy. His most important writings included Philosophical Arguments (1945), The Concept of Mind (1949), Dilemmas (1954), Plato s Progress (1966), and On Thinking (1979). The Concept of Mind (1949) is a critique of the notion that the mind is distinct from the body, and it is a rejection of the theory that

A critical assessment of TS Eliots poem, Rhapsody on a...

Rhapsody on a windy night was written directly after Preludes and echoes many of its themes. Rhapsody... charts the night-time journey of a man through the streets of a city. Held in a trance by the moonlight, he is shown various sights by the street lamps he passes, and these sights evoke images, feelings and recollections. From the sights revealed by the lamps, and the responses they induce, a portrait of the city life is painted. The poem begins by establishing the scene. A man is wandering Along the reaches of the street / held in a lunar synthesis. Although the street is reaching, as if to entrap the man, it is held in stasis by the moon. This idea of the moon having power to release the wandering man from his everyday pattern of†¦show more content†¦The cat slipping out its tongue reminds the narrator of a child whose hand ...automatic / Slipped out and pocketed a toy. This memory reinforces the idea that the people of the city act mechanically, and without thought, or purpose (I could see nothing behind that childs eye). The memory immediately following, however, suggests that there is a strong desire among the people to escape from this state of automation: indeed the narrator has seen eyes...trying to peer through lighted shutters. This image suggests yearning, as does the crab, which gripped the end of a stick, desperately trying to escape its prison-like pool. At last, the street lamp turns the wanderers attention to the moon itself, saying La lune ne garde aucune rancune: the moon harbours no ill feeling. In other words, the moon does not judge, does not play any part in the day-to-day affairs of the people, and does not feel those worries or concerns that constitute the mechanical and empty lives of the people. Indeed, the moon has lost her memory, it is permanently in the state of lunar synthesis. However, one gets the impression that a constant existence in this state has taken its toll on the moon. Her face is worn

Ethical Issues in the 2002 Steven Spielberg Movie Minority...

Ethical Issues in The 2002 Steven Spielberg Movie Minority Report Technology is progressing every day. We have come so far in the past ten years. Imagine life in 2054, and what life will be like. That is what Philip K. Dick did in 1956 when he wrote the short story Minority Report, which was later produced as a movie. In the movie Minority Report, a team of officers led by John Anderson (Tom Cruise), work together in the precime division. They collect information given by precogs to find murder suspects and victims before the crime actually happens. Precogs are three humans that were born with a brain disease. This brain disease affected others but these three are the only ones who survived. The disease caused some mutation and†¦show more content†¦Of course the precogs see this act and the crime is prevented and the man is arrested. This gave Burgess the opportunity to kill her himself. He told the mother to meet him in the same location that the crime was going to happen, he dressed the same way and killed her. W hen the images came up of the murder, the files were deleted. They were seen as a copied

Business Communication Program

Question: Discuss about the Business Communication Program. Answer: Introduction: Being the communication advisor of the organization. I have asked to design a communication program announcing a reduction in employees, when the company has just announces that they have recorded profitability. The plan needs to be devised that will minimize the amount of friction, tension down-time in the organization. Moreover the plan communication plan will include provisions for coping with difficulties after announcing the news of staff layoff. The organization employs around 1800 employees the layoff of 300 employees was the last resort measure even though the company was in profit. The reason behind layoff is because the company is incurring too much cost on automation which will reduce manual efforts and make the work process automated. Communication Objectives, Audience Analysis Communication Process The objective of the program is to ease the transmission of layoffs in the best possible way for the entire organization. By creating outplacement service developing a firm foundation for the workers that are being laid off, well be able to build a steady level of morale amongst the employees throughout. (Sollier, 2008) For the audience analysis well use the model Change Planning Worksheet which is adapted from Clampitt (2009). The model will help us in identifying the best means to relate the message of change to the prospective audience. There would be 4 main audiences that need to analysed and should be identified, i.e. the employees who are leaving the organization (laid off employees), those employees that would accept the early retirement option, employees who will stay with the organization those who are the part of the exterior audience (i.e. community public). There would be some variation in the channels messages for the external audience and for rest of the audience it would be very much similar. (Baily, 2009) For each group opinion leaders or lions need to be identified. These opinion leaders will assist in influencing the resistant members of a given audience. It is best to seek out the group who have accepted the changes (i.e. who are living the organization), as they will help the other group to understand the situation and will bring them on board. In the group of employees who are staying with the organization, the managers need to identified to assist reinforce why the changes were made, and try to support the goal of job security for future. For the audience external to the organization well run a PR campaign will seek out media. This would be the best way to reach out to the large audience. (Wagner Harter, 2010) Next step should be to analyse how the audience will be impacted. The people who are leaving the organization will have two major concerns i.e. uncertainty about their future they will be jobless. The people who will stay with the company would have a relief, but perhaps will be depressed for their lost colleagues. The external audience might be impacted by the concern over access to organization. They may see this decision as the weakness might fear the state of the organization. (Clmpitt, Philip,2009) In order to send the message right channel needs to be selected. The message is quite complex and non-routine. Hence, the communication channel that should be chosen should be richest, in order to give news to those employees who are directly impacted. The richest channel would be face-to-face communication, as this will allow for immediate feedback. For external audience, the channel chosen would be rich media, but will not be getting face to face treatment because they are in large number, the best way would be to conduct a press conference launch a PR campaign which could clearly demonstrate the concern for the departing employees. (Vroom, 2006) You are the chair of a local community service group. How would you encourage attendance, participation and commitment from members? Being the chair of a local community service group, I need to design a communication program which will encourage attendance, participation commitment from the members. Analyse the target audience Reasons for absenteeism from the meeting. Strategies to encourage the attendance participation commitment from the members Target Audience The target audience for this case will be the younger members between the age group of 24-34 years; the population for younger members constitutes approximately 80 percent of the total community group population. There are many reasons, younger members dont attend and participate in the local community service group, and some of them include: Some people of the group view the dinner/lunch meetings as intimidating or boring, as they might not know people in the event. Some of them are unaware of the events happening at their areas. (Porges Stephen, 2011) Objectives The objective of the program is not only to increase the attendance among younger members, but also to increase the participation commitments from the members. As engineers, we often succeed on repetition because it makes the planning simpler does not force us to think out of the box. However, we sometimes forget that people love new events enjoy change. (Connolly Viswesvaran, 2000) Communication Process In order to better communicate and reach out to the target audience well have to bypass many barriers that would include the cost for reaching out to the audience, there should be a quite high budget that needs to be allocated in order to complete this communication process. Also this task might be time consuming, as reaching out to the correct audience and ask them to participate will full attendance and commitment will be a biggest challenge. (Dobson, Deb, 2009) The best way to communicate and encourage the targeted audience (i.e. young people of the community) would be through face-to-face meeting, as this will allow for immediate feedback. The next way to communicate could be through print media, where in pamphlets and broachers could be printed and delivered to the residence address of the members. These pamphlets and broachers would include the information on the benefits of the program, how their participation and contribution can help the society, how they can get more information about the events happening in their society, important contact information and ways to contact the community head and how they can register themselves for the events and ensure their participation. (Mwah, 2012) Most of these events are conducted at the same location every month. For members who are working living on the outskirts of a region, may cause difficulties for them to participate. So, holding these events at different location may lead to success. Another way to encourage the young crowd and bring new attendance to the events would be to ask the younger member group to host a meeting at the location of their choice. Also, in order not to disturb the people routines, the meeting can be scheduled on weekends. (Saari Judge, 2004) Following these steps will encourage the young members of the community and will definitely lead to participation and commitment from the targeted audience. References: Bailey, Ben (2009). Personal Interview. Clampitt, Phillip (2009). Communicating for Managerial Effectiveness. Sage Publications, Inc,. Print. Dobson, Deb. Personal Interview. 2009 Vroom, V. H. (2006). Work and Motivation. New York: John Wiley. Saari, L. M., Judge, T. A. (2004) Employee attitudes and job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 43(4), 395-407. Connolly, J. J., Viswesvaran, C. (2000). The role of affectivity in job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(2), 265-281. Porges, Stephen W. (2011). The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-regulation. New York: W. W. Norton Company. Sollier, Pierre (2008). Listening for Wellness: An Introduction to the Tomatis Method. MWah, L. (2012). Engaging employees a big challenge. Management Review, 88(9), Wagner, R., Harter, J. K. (2010). 12: The elements of great managing. New York, NY: Gallup Press..ozart Center Press.